Weiying I always express my views directly

 Weiying: I always express my views directly
Source: The Economic Observer Newspaper: Ma Guochuan
growth is accompanied by reform and opening-up, while they used their own way to promote the reform and opening up, you're one of them.
Weiying: This is not surprising, since China's reform is not in accordance with a careful planned to start , but the forward side edge exploration. In the beginning of reform, we in this generation of economists, many people do not know what things economics. reopening of the year I apply for the Northwestern University Department of Chinese, when admission is transferred to the newly established Department of Political Economy, learning is the tradition of political economy.
lack of Northwestern University faculty structures such as the North, there is no teaching of Western economics. After graduation I enrolled in the graduate school, professional school or political economy. If it is not lucky chance, I will not completely change the idea.
Economic Observer: What are the opportunities?
Weiying: February 1982 in Xi'an, held a national annual meeting of Quantitative Economics, which The next year will be a breakthrough in China's economic circles shackles of traditional economics, a milestone achieved important development. We Northwestern University is one of the organizers, as the staff attended the meeting. when I was 23 years old, was elected to the General Assembly on behalf of the Panel speak about the he was very impressed.
Weiying: Mao Yushi, Xiaokai, Tian Guoqiang these people I know are in this meeting, and I greatly influenced by them, especially Mr. Yang and Mao Yushi, Mao Yushi, merit-based allocation principles speak to me great inspiration, so I am learning modern Western economics had a strong interest, but also vaguely aware of the past four years of university study of political economy problems. will, I sold within a specialist in Xi'an Foreign Language books bookstore to buy the English version of the Samuelson
Science. And I also organized a six like-minded graduate and undergraduate students organized a others say that you thoroughly understand the first. This more than six months down, ;. And I also read other books, including Schumpeter's understanding. to the end of 1983, I mind the concept of a market economy there are two important things, one is price signals, one entrepreneur.
Economic Observer: Probably in the The first post. I propose in a normal and orderly society, money is a society medal, you can make more money, that you make more contributions to society, so money should not be avoided, see it as bad thing. articles to catch up after the release of the name. Northwestern University school under great pressure. Director of Graduate school called me, saying: Victoria Ying ah, the party and the people you train for so many years, how can you write such an article to it, say, hair This article, also did not find leadership for approval, how the line too! in Beijing, and Mr. Mao Yushi, a letter encouraged me that the concept of progress in any small, would encounter great resistance; reform in the new concept, there will always be consistent since that the old idea as outrageous right. I replied that they would wait until the day to apologize to me.
Economic Observer: This is your first time criticized by public opinion.
Weiying: is the first time, of course not the last time.
Economic Observer: Western economics in the self-same time, you are very concerned about the real problem.
Weiying: Yes, I am very concerned about the price of the then government to rectify the order of reports, I feel for price reform With the direction of some popular opinion was not the same idea.
Economic Observer: What is the popular opinion?
Weiying: Because the autonomy of enterprises, and agricultural liberalization, the market is a bit confusing Some people do not implement the national plan policies and steal to sell products beyond the planned price, the government successively issued official documents, in the officials also recognize that irrational price system reform has become a market price of the characteristics of capitalism, the socialist countries, prices must be formulated by the national plan. So, people are discussing the price reform is actually the so-called
reasonable level.
Economic Observer: economists are no fundamental changes proposed to determine the price mechanism?
Weiying: No, because in most people, the price system is the cause of unreasonable pricing plan did not follow the
Weiying: Yes, the market price of a firm, because studying hard the micro economics, the belief the market economy has been rooted in my mind. the price should be determined by the market, thus regulating the supply and demand, and guide the allocation of resources , how can the Government's approach to cares?
proposed two-track reform ideas
Economic Observer: Your master's thesis seems to talk about is price theory and price reform.
Weiying: 1983 end of the paper topic, I realized that the problem of price reform, the reality is very strong, and I am very ideas that are not the same with other people, it is new. when I have decided to come to Beijing after graduation to work in the the views of the real economic issues great inspiration to me. I often go to teacher's house to ask questions Mao Yushi, he gave me a lot of help, he is my real academic tutors and academic friends. I can not do without the formation of some of his main points inspiration. After several months of efforts, in April 1984 I had a clear idea of price reform.
Economic Observer: What are your thoughts?
Weiying: corporate autonomy and a fixed price system is incompatible, the irrational price system in China is the source of the unreasonable price management system, as long as the price management system does not repeal the plan, the price can never be reasonable, the expansion of enterprise autonomy and macroeconomic balance can not solve the conflict. Therefore, price reform, the focus should be on opening price control, rather than price adjustments. idea, once formed, writing articles is a matter of course thing. took about two or three days to complete more than 10,000 word article the Technical and Economic Research Center of the State Council organized a internal control. Ding Ningning head of energy group, Mao Xiansheng put my articles recommended to the Ding Ningning, the article published in June 1984 of br> The Economic Observer: The main content of this article, what is?
Weiying: I first proposed in the article, the key to the success of urban economic reform is to find the mechanism of the reform itself, this mechanism is that price reform is to allow flexibility market. I analyzed the information function of prices and rigid price system to lead to price distortion, distorted prices led to a variety of interests and how the distortion and the distortion of the economic structure. Then why do I prove that price reform must focus on price reform, rather than the price formation mechanism, the price could not help market supply and demand, the price can never be reasonable. I also punched a metaphor: the price like a the discusses the equilibrium price system, the price mechanism to give full play to the effectiveness of the planned economy can refer to the way agricultural price reform, the implementation of two-tier prices, the old price of the old approaches to the management, the new price with a new approach to the management, the final establishment of a new alternative to the price system. Compared with the price adjustment, price reform is a process of successive approximation . The problem is not whether a reasonable first step, but rather whether each step in tend to be reasonable. further expansion of foreign markets open plan accordingly, the base price of the planned allocation, trading by the market outside the base. Then, the state again in batches, classification, step by step to gradually open up the base price of the product and cancel plans and allocation, or for certain products br> Weiying: Logic of course, is the major, if not a deep price theory, properly understood, can not raise the idea. but my specific ideas to a large extent by the formation of inspired rural reform. In fact, I The first section of the article is about the experience of rural reform is to Inspiration papers, 124 were selected as the official representative. After that, the beginning of my paper lost in the elections, then the article is not enough, another draft pick in the unsuccessful, the results are fancy. Later I learned that the review comments is Reporter Shi Xiaomin wrote: Symposium on young reform Deqing County, Zhejiang Province held Moganshan, so called their problems as a central theme, divided into seven focus group discussions. meeting a lot of people hot-tempered, active thinking, we speak freely. We do not watch a movie, not a sightseeing tour, often heated discussions continued late into the night. I The first group, according to my memory, if not the beginning of the group called We call it the In his view, can not wait to speak criticized the views of the source field. I said, through the the target model, in the circumstances, that there are some incredible.
Weiying: So in addition to Tian Yuan I, there are several speakers challenged me. I basically single-handedly turns the challenge. I have been very logic of their own self-confidence I also like to use some simple and obvious metaphor. As the discussions progressed, more and more people are convinced by me, at least in the sense that I say, nodding when I spoke more and more people, more and more applause more. The more I talk about the more excited, and later someone to help me explain my point of view, because I speak Mandarin well, some people do not understand.
Economic Observer: It is said that the formation of a two-Mogan Pine, Tian Yuan is Whether Tian goal of price reform model is planned price system, my goal model is the market price system. Second, the price reform of the dominant methods, Tian Yuan stressed that The target model is still the planned price system, adjusting the price must be the primary means is not possible to put most of the products, but also there are plans to put a price system it? mode if your target is the market price system to adjust main is not feasible, the transfer is not possible to adjust the market price.
Economic Observer: so-called words and metaphor. before me, no one from the are like this. do not get it to not really understanding what that two-track reform. not , regardless of how many species of the same product price can not be called reflect market supply and demand equilibrium price system. Others words too literally, that I advocate put come Xu Jingan, Inner Mongolia to the Fansheng living in a room. Fansheng is the Policy Research Office of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, he listened to my point of view is very excited, after he used his power for my letterpress printing of 300 copies, and the main contents of quickly understand new things, meeting one night and he told me the next day afternoon, State Councilor Zhang Jinfu to Hangzhou to the report, want to go to. But the next morning he informed me not to go on the grounds that I speak too directly , too seriously, feared that if heads of uncomfortable listening, put things broke.
Economic Observer: Mogan After the meeting, do you back to Beijing?
Weiying: there is no direct return. because After the report of the meeting to discuss and writing, several participants to stay in Hangzhou, I was among them. Finally, the formation of seven reports, including on price reform is the The role is mainly about their views, participate in discussions. Xujing An author of the report is drafted. He is a strong comprehensive ability, and because the central authority for many years, it is clear the central leadership was concerned about what and how to their suggestions. report did not mention whether price reform should target model is what is trying to evade the debate target mode for fear the leaders of the attention to the ideological differences go. The report summarizes the two prices is the reform ideas: first, put combination tone to tone based; second, adjusting release with first place after the transfer. The two reform ideas is Xu Jingan their general, or his own understanding of the two ideas. two ideas in both the taste of two-track system, but not exactly like the two-track system. Soon, Zhang Jinfu to instructions on the report: , the State Council person in charge of instruction: management system to start; walked the streets of township enterprises in Jiangsu, collaboration coal prices to fall; and grain, cotton purchase price by the result of a lot of practice to bring the ultra-price ratio, are essentially a put, adjusting with the success stories. In early 1985 the government formally the dominant idea, the question is how fast the problem.
Economic Observer: But in recent years, who first raised the issue of two-track reform ideas, there has been some controversy.
Weiying: this problem is not complicated, is not important. say complicated because the literature to be investigated. my article completion date is Research Center The paper presents and demonstrates the two-track price system reform ideas, but in fact the early 1980s with the dual-track system has been economic restructuring and decentralization and self-generated. if not I will have other people put forward. my contribution is: First, clear the market price system as the goal of price reform; Secondly, the reality of the phenomenon of spontaneous two-track theory, the price increase for the conscious path of reform.
call entrepreneurs
Economic Observer : Moganshan shortly after the meeting, deletions from, the title was changed to met Shi Xiaomin, who had recommended me to hold the article to System Reform to Shangquan the work. Shangquan being formed at the work of economic restructuring, because it was very careful when speaking of high recommended. so this article can be said that after graduation I entered the State Commission for Restructuring the The work?
Weiying: I graduated in December 1984, according to graduation requirements should be in January, I was to get on early to the State Commission for the work, because earlier work, although the difference of a few days, but the early years of service be considered a years. I 1984 to December 29 Daily News.
Economic Observer: Moganshan attended the meeting, graduate and enter the state organs, it seems you learned a lot in 1984 ah.
Weiying : 1984, on my life is indeed very important. because the political climate in 1983, volatile, If the atmosphere in 1983, I will not graduate. Because I mention that the market price determined by supply and demand to price, which is made taboo. While taking into account the time constraints of ideology, I will market price system as a Hill 4 months before the meeting was held in Hefei, Anhui Wenyuan Kai-led organization, is actually a private meeting.
Weiying: see the news of the meeting, I wrote a letter to Wen Yuankai, and sent with the letter I wrote about in 1983, one entrepreneur articles of small articles that they want to participate in this meeting, he said, you are welcome to. I was released because of Li Zhijian (later served as deputy secretary of Beijing). He saw me to write the article, the manuscript to the I was at Northwestern University and the Department of Economics Houyao Jun cooperation as a teacher. At that time, the central intellectual policy constantly called for the implementation and improve the treatment of intellectuals, but the fight against the persecution of intellectuals do still occur. It is generally the policy of the implementation of intellectual the resistance encountered due to ideological problems, ; social intellectual crux of the problem of insufficient effective demand for knowledge, and lack of effective demand is the source of the traditional planned economic system. Therefore, my conclusion is: solve the root of the problem of intellectuals lies in reform.
Economic Observer Report: Your I raised his hand and focus on the importance of entrepreneurs. In the mid-80s, the Chinese academic community about the theory of economic reform and policy recommendations are mostly focused on how to expand business ownership and income distribution, while the entrepreneurs of this the main operation of the market is not been given due attention,bailey UGG boots, as if with the the concept of market economy, there are two important things: price and entrepreneurs. planned economy and the commodity economy, the biggest difference is that the operation of the planned economy the main body of government officials, and the operation of the main commodity economy is entrepreneurs, the theme of reform is creating thousands of entrepreneurs, economic reform process that is running the main entrepreneurs of the process. I also believe that creating entrepreneurs must first change the traditional values, and change excellent learning providers. impression.
Economic Observer: In the past, This person is express their true opinion, many economics papers and articles are full of cliches and lies, very few people brave enough to say Hammer of the United States entrepreneurs a biography
books on the book, you can also borrow books that matter. So I said to borrow something, write articles published in Weiying: Hamer I for primer, about three points: first, entrepreneurs, economic growth, One of the basic quality. This article may be published is the first article advocating entrepreneurs, it made the greatest impact on In 1984, after the second half, I was invited to Peking University and other universities on modernization .80's not very strange, and sometimes the air is very tense, sometimes very loose. Later, , adventurer or something.
Economic Observer: Do not know the importance of entrepreneurs.
Weiying: do not know what the market is under the system of decision making entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs do not know the power of social progress. I talked about the entrepreneur, a background that is for bureaucratic managers. enterprise is not a bureaucratic manager on the line, but need real entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs must be innovative, adventurous. engage in reform, the Government has given the autonomy of enterprises, Some companies were very chaotic, confused, Why? because managers are not entrepreneurs in the Chinese bureaucracy. the planned economy system manager is to be granted a rank, entrepreneurs, is the personification of the functions. If a business leaders take the long-term manager's position, content with Morishige, behave, there is no innovation, his work is service oriented rather than creative work of labor, he would not be considered an entrepreneur is only a hollow victory Innovative special functions mm home.
Economic Observer: foreigners that China's business enterprises are not entrepreneurs?
Weiying: my word is my code. But really, said a Japanese economist However, China has no real business. These words may sound harsh, in fact, that's a fact. bureaucratic managers under the planned economy is no spirit of adventure. But once the opening price, the market deciding life and death, the people must make decisions must have a sense, a spirit of adventure, can make the right decisions to, this is the real entrepreneur. So when I say that the speech created the concept of modern entrepreneurs need. No concept of change there can be entrepreneurs, representative of a new era of entrepreneurs is manifested in the idea that he represents not the same as with other people, they represent a new concept in modern society. on the State of the reform,UGG bailey button, many who are not accustomed to, which is most suited to the concept of not suited to the reform is good for most people, but why resistance to change much? clearly can not only benefit from the established understanding of many ideas. so I talk about the concept, calling for people to change economic change in the ten Great concept: wealth, time concept, concept of equality, labor outlook, consumption, money concept, the hero concept, economic ethics, local conception of qualified personnel.
Economic Observer: Do you play an enlightening role.
Weiying: Ten Ideas for change, including wealth, equality concept, concept of time, it now appears it is not unusual, but say it was not easy, in the sense that I was indeed doing the work of the Enlightenment. Of course, Enlightenment who had many, I'm just one of Bale. Unfortunately, some of the now popular concept of turning back again.
Economic Observer: By 1985, reform has been extended to cities from rural areas and businesses, officials began to mention ; a planned commodity economy The based on the expansion of material, improve the view. I still think that a person is weak, to find the Central Party School, a graduate student Sheng Bin, the two co-operation. Sheng Bin is to study economics, he was the big merchants Qing Sheng, and other historical figures were familiar. we were young, a cavity blood, the duty of every man, the manuscript was finalized the end of 1985 on the basic, the title is called , then was Fu Zheng some references, but also deleted some time was considered inappropriate in the section, mainly related to ownership of things, finally available in early 1989. But soon after the storm caught up with the 89 to there is no market, so how did the book sell, reprinted until 2004.
Economic Observer: ill-fated.
Weiying ...